Overview

Successful software projects require more than just technical expertise. Figuring out what the client wants, collaborating in a team, managing complexity, mitigating risks, staying on time and budget, and determining, under various constraints, when a product is "good enough" to be shipped are equally important topics that often have a significant human component. This course explores these issues broadly and covers the fundamentals of modern software engineering and analysis.

This course focuses on software engineering and analysis. At a high level, the course is organized around five core topics:

A culminating assignment involves making a contribution to an open source project: identifying an issue, understanding the local development process, and then actually fixing a bug or adding a feature, with extra credit awarded if your contribution is merged into the project.

This course is an upper-level CS technical elective for both CS-Eng and CS-LSA. (It does not show up in some versions of the CS-LSA Program Guide, but it does, in fact, count. Students can check their Audits to confirm.) It is not a capstone course or a major design experience course. It focuses on individual mastery of key software engineering concepts. It does not feature a large team project.

The expected workload for this class is "moderate" — one notch harder than UI Design, but two notches easier than Operating Systems.

This course draws inspiration from Carnegie Mellon's Foundations of Software Engineering (15-313) course as well as from the insights of Drs. Prem Devanbu, Christian Kästner, Marouane Kessentini, Kevin Leach, and Claire Le Goues.

Attendance, Participation and COVID

In Fall 2022, this course provides support for:

• Section 1 — 1:30-3:00pm — synchronous, in-person lecture attendance and in-person participation activities (masks)
• Section 2 — whenever — asynchronous, remote attendance and remote participation activities
• (if you are registered for one section but would prefer to be in the other, use this form to request a switch) (there is no information about when this form will be processed, and no confirmation, so regretfully, you just have to wait)

With the exception of lecture attendance and participation, all other aspects of the course are identical between 481-001 and 481-002. In particular:

• all sections — access to lecture recordings, access to participation activities from both sections, access to discussion section materials, the same homeworks, the same exams, the same due dates, etc.

If you are registered and enrolled for Section 1 (EECS 481-001, 1:30-3:00pm) you must attend lectures in person synchronously and complete graded in-class in-person participation activities. These activities typically involve writing an answer on notecards that we pass around or completing in-class coding; they include an aspect of (sampled) "checking attendance".

If you are not registered and enrolled for Section 1, such as because you are on the waiting list or are enrolled in Section 2, you cannot complete the in-person participation activities for credit and must complete the remote participation activities for credit (uploaded to Gradescope). There is a room reserved (1109 FBX, 4:30-6:00pm) and a course staff member will be present, but it will not contain a separate lecture and there is no expectation that you show up. (You can use it to coordinate group projects, ask questions, provide a structured time to watch lecture recordings, etc., but it is entirely optional.)

If you are registered for Section 1 and would like to complete the remote participation activities instead, you must switch sections (there is no information about when this form will be processed and no confirmation). If you are registered for Section 2 and would like to attend in person and complete the in-person attendance activities, you must switch sections (there is no information about when this form will be processed and no confirmation). We will base your participation grade on participation assignments corresponding to your officially enrolled section.

Some students benefit from in-person instruction: from talking about the material with other students live, from being able to ask questions right in real time, from the structure, and so on. Such students should sign up for, or switch into, Section 1. Other students may benefit from remote, asynchronous instruction: from having the scheduling flexibility to fit in part time jobs, from being able to spend days outside of Ann Arbor for various reasons, from avoiding close proximity to others (e.g., for COVID or medical reasons), and so on. Such students should sign up for, or switch into, Section 2.

Attendance and Participation — All Students

"Two Plus Infinite" policy: To reduce student stress and provide support for individual circumstances, each student may miss two (please read this whole sentence before worrying) graded participation activities without excuse without penalty and also infinite graded activities with approved excuses without penalty. You do not need to report or request anything for the first two; these will be applied automatically. Students with approved documentation can miss more activities, but to simplify things for students, you do not even have to explain to us why you are missing the first two. (Note that this applies to participation only and not for any other other course quiz or assignment or exam.)

In addition, once per week a student may attend any one Discussion Section in person and receive one instance of attendance/participation credit. (Talk to the course staff member running the Discussion Section to ensure you are recorded.)

Students are also required to make use of course websites (such as Piazza and Gradescope) and check them for updates. Some information, including information about certain quizzes and assignments, and any last-minute changes or fixes to assignments or policies, is made presented on course webpages. This course does not use Canvas.

If you are uncertain about whether your circumstances are an excused absence, email EECS481Staff@gmail.com with your information and documentation. The course staff will review your information and apply any accommodations merited by course policies. Your email will be read by a real human.

Discussion Sections are not required, do not feature mandatory participation, and do not assess attendance. All discussion section materials are made available online.

What should I do if I am sick or need other accommodations?

Attendance and Participation — Section 1

If you are registered for Section 1, you must attend the 1:30-3:00 lecture slot each day in person. Attendance participation will be assessed through in-class activities (e.g., notecards, coding, etc.). We typically sample attendance (i.e., we may not check every day). The course schedule is available in advance so that you can plan accordingly.

Attendance and Participation — Section 2 and Waiting List

If you are not registered for Section 1, such as because you are on the waiting list or because you are registered for Section 2, you should watch the lecture recordings remotely and complete the asynchronous structured participation activities.

• Section 2 structured participation/attendance activities are released at 4:30pm on the appropriate day and are due 48 hours later.
• Section 2 structured activities are submitted via Gradescope: there will be a freeform text field to describe your experiences watching the lecture and completing the activity.

As a concrete example, suppose you are on the waiting list for weeks 1, 2 and 3 of the class, but then are able to officially enroll in Section 1. For weeks 1, 2 and 3 you should watch the lecture recordings remotely and complete any participation activities associated with Section 2. Once you are officially registered for Section 1, you should attend the Section 1 synchronous lectures (starting from week 4) and complete the Section 1 participation activities (from week 4 onward).

Note that there may be different numbers of graded participation activities between Section 1 and Section 2; there is typically slightly more structured work associated with Section 2 (but slightly more time pressure associated with Section 1). Participation counts the same for all students as part of the final grade.

Grading Breakdown

There are two exams during the semester. Both are delivered remotely. The grading breakdown is as follows:

By default, this class has no curve. If we do implement a curve (which has not happened in the last few semesters), we only ever curve up. If we do implement a curve, it would be calculated at the end of the semester (and not on a per-each-assignment basis).

The exams are intentionally given a low weight to reduce student stress and the impact of a "bad day". Similarly, because there is no curve, students are never in competition with each other.

How can I calculate my projected grade?

Homework Assignments

There are six homework assignments for this course. The assignments involve the electronic submission of artifacts. Some (e.g., test cases) are graded automatically and admit immediate feedback. Others (e.g., prose descriptions) are graded manually. For certain assignments it is possible to work as a team.

What happens if a website is unavailable?

Reading and Comprehension

A critical part of software engineering is reading — both code and prose. To encourage you to keep pace with the material, we will randomly assign reading comprehension quizzes. These quizzes may consist of elements such as (1) comprehension questions about any readings, especially those new since the last quiz; (2) questions about the lecture materials; (3) a 4-sentence summary of lecture material; or (4) a random code word shared during a lecture. The goal is to encourage engagement and retention.

For on-line reading comprehension quizzes, you will have a 48 hour span near the associated lecture to begin your reading quiz. Quizzes are announced via their visibility on Gradescope, and not via any sort of mass mailing to the class. Once you begin the quiz, you will typically have 10 minutes to complete it. The quizzes are designed to be completable in 5 minutes, but additional time is given as a blanket accommodation. The quizzes are "open notes" (but are typically constructed to favor completing the reading before starting the quiz).

Software engineering is often more engineering than science: the basic concepts may be easy to grasp, but the trouble is found in the details. Questions such as "which of these methods works best in the real world?" and "what are successful companies actually doing?" are paramount. As a result, many of the readings are experience reports from companies (e.g., Microsoft, Google, etc.) or academic papers (e.g., with human studies). We have structured this course so that there is no expensive textbook and all of the readings are available on-line for free.

Some of the readings are marked optional. Next to each such optional reading is a small "advertisement" for it. The optional readings are not required for any class assignments, but there may be extra credit questions on exams or quizzes that reference them.

Late Assignment Policy

EECS 481 does not feature a generous late policy. Assignments, quizzes or exams turned in late typically receive zero points. (In some extenuating cases you may receive h% off, where h is the number of hours late.)

In other classes, late policies may be more lenient (e.g., students may receive a number of fungible "late days", etc.). EECS 481 is different because scheduling and risk for projects are explicitly topics in this course (they are covered in lecture and in the readings, etc.). Staying on schedule is part of the material for the course, and is thus part of the assessment. If you are working for a company that is shipping software by a particular date and you miss that deadline, your contribution will not be included.

To support students, all of the course materials, assignments and due dates are provided on the first day of class. No due dates are ever shifted to be earlier. You can access the autograder for any assignment as early as the first day of class. The freedom and responsibility rest with you. (For example, if you know that you struggle with deadlines, or if your other classes have exams around a particular point, you may want to "pretend" that an assignment in this class is due earlier than it actually is. If you miss your internal deadline by a bit, you can still make the official deadline. If you are used to courses where there are frequent email updates or calendar reminders, this is a good opportunity to practice setting up your own reminders for future situations in which organizational ones may not be available.)

All course materials submitted for a grade must be turned in by midnight on the last date listed on the course syllabus.

Regrade Policy

Regrade requests for exams, assignments, or written assignments must be received within one week of you receiving your score. All regrade requests should be made via Gradescope if possible (if a request absolutely cannot be made via Gradescope for a certain assignment or exam, please email it privately to the course staff). When we regrade an assignment we will look over it very carefully for correctness: it is possible that after a regrade you will end up with fewer points than before the regrade. Regrades should be treated with caution and used only when the graders have made a clear mistake evaluating your work.

The Waiting List, Course Permission, Overrides

Historically, the single most common student question about this class relates to the waiting list. The question is some variant of (or logically reduces to) "I am currently at position X on the waiting list; am I likely to get in to the class before the deadline?"

• If you are on the waiting list or add the course late, you must complete any assignments (including participation) and bring me any forms (e.g., SSD forms) as if you were a registered student.
• If you add late or come in off the waiting list, all of the assignments (including participation) are due for you at the usual time, with no extension.
• If you are on the waiting list and do not have access to the Autograder or Gradescope submission websites, please email the course staff.
• It is my firm intention to fill the class up to the enrollment limit with students from the waiting list, in order. There are two relevant details:
  1. The system often seems to keep two separate orderings: one for lectures and one for discussion sections. It is unknown to the instructor which one is used. The instructor does not have any special view into waiting list orderings (i.e., students often want to know their "true waiting list position", but we do not have any such information). There is nothing 481-specific about this: students come in off the waiting list in an "automated" fashion, and the instructor does not have any particular view into that. In theory, 481 should operate just like every other CSE class in this regard.
  2. The undergraduate advising office may direct that certain students be let in (or swapped between electives or sections or whatever) so that everyone can graduate on time. This is basically the only reason we would not use the default waiting list ordering.
• For various reasons, students may be let in to this course every few days, in batches, not every minute. If you are first on the waiting list and the course is currently at 99/100, rest easy: you will be let in to the course in the next batch.
• Although your apparent deadline to sign up for courses is Day X, if you are on the waiting list for this class and a slot opens up after that date, you may still be added (this has happened in previous semesters, but is not a guarantee). Punam Vyas, the Course Scheduling Coordinator, adds students to this class manually from the waiting list, and she has the power to add students after Day X even though you do not. Yes, it is scary to trust that you will be added to a course after the manual student deadlines.
• If you are a graduate student, know that the EECS undergraduate advising office policy has been that graduate students may only be allowed to take the course for credit after all undergraduates are off the waiting list. There is a special list the graduate students can sign up on; contact the CSE Undergraduate Advising Office (ugadmin@eecs.umich.edu) for more information.
• Regardless of your enrollment status, you are welcome to sit in on the class (as long as you do not take a seat in a room that is at capacity). Anyone who is interested may attend the lectures.

Now, for the most common student question:

• The first time this class was offered, it started with 100/100 students enrolled and 60 on the waiting list. By the time things settled down, we ended up with 102/100 students enrolled and 20 on the waiting list (i.e., 20 who did not get in). (The "extra" students relate to that advising office exception detailed above.)
• The second time this class was offered, it started with 120/120 students enrolled and 22 on the waiting list. It ended with 118/120 and 0 on the waiting list.
• The third time this class was offered, it started with 154/154 students enrolled and 58 on the waiting list. At the add/drop deadline, it had 153 students enrolled and 0 on the waiting list.
• The fourth time this class was offered, it started with 157/160 students enrolled and 85 on the waiting list. At the add/drop deadline, it had 156/160 student enrolled and 35 on the waiting list.
• The fifth time this class was offered, there were two sections. We had a total of 245 student enrolled out of 258 slots after the add/drop deadline.
• In Fall 2021, there were 151/154 students enrolled with 78 on the waiting list on the first day of class. By the middle of the semester, enrollment was 156/154 with 0 students on the waiting list.
• In Winter 2022, there were 300 students enrolled and 300 on the waiting list on the first day. By the last day of the add/drop period, there were 104 students on the waiting list.

Unfortunately, I have no special insight here (i.e., it has never happened that a student has said to me "I plan to drop in X days but won't drop today", so I do not have any secret information about the plans of other students to drop or not). The best we can do is use the past to predict the future (see raw data above).

Student Mental Health

Students often experience strained relationships, increased anxiety, alcohol or drug problems, feeling down, difficulty concentrating, family issues, or a lack of motivation. Student mental health concerns are quite common but we don't always talk about them. The University of Michigan is committed to advancing the mental health and well-being of its students. If you or someone you know is feeling overwhelmed, depressed, or in need of support, confidential mental health services are available on campus.

Research

Your class work might be used for research purposes. For example, we may use anonymized student assignments to design algorithms or build tools to help programmers. Any student who wishes to opt out can contact the instructor or teaching assistant to do so after final grades have been issued. This has no impact on your grade in any manner.

Students interested in considering undergraduate research should make an appointment to talk about it. I am happy to discuss independent study projects, senior projects, paid research work over the summer, research work for credit, and graduate school.