Projection as a Function of Information
Structuring
Mandy Simons
(Joint
work with David Beaver, Craige Roberts and Judith Tonhauser)
Abstract
Projection, as understood here, is (roughly) the phenomenon whereby
some element of sentence content "survives" embedding under an
entailment-canceling operator such as negation. For example, an
utterance of the sentence Jane hasn't finished her homework
typically conveys that Jane has homework, even though the expression
which gives rise to this implication is embedded under negation.
In the course of the last 40 years or more, projection has been
studied in the context of presupposition, and indeed has often been
taken as a defining feature of presuppositions. More recently, it
has been observed by a variety of authors that elements of content
which are not otherwise presupposition-like may project. The
contents of non-restrictive relative clauses and other appositives
are central cases.
In this paper, we develop the idea that projection is a property,
not specifically of presuppositions, but of what we call not
at-issue content. Roughly, content which is at-issue
is content which serves to address the current Question Under
Discussion (Roberts 1996); all other content is not-at-issue.
In this paper, we will elaborate on the notion of at-issueness,
motivate the claim that at-issueness is the central explanatory
notion in an account of projection, and provide a preliminary model
of some cases of projection.
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