@ARTICLE{bystander,
  AUTHOR =       "James M. Hudson and Amy S. Bruckman",
  TITLE =        "The Bystander Effect: A lens for understanding patterns of participation",
  JOURNAL =      "Journal of the Learning Sciences",
  YEAR =         "2004",
  volume =       "13",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "Forthcoming"
}
@BOOK{grading2understanding,
  editor =       "David Allen",
  TITLE =        "Assessing student learning: From grading to understanding",
  PUBLISHER =    "Teachers College Press",
  YEAR =         "1998",
  address =      "New York"
}

@Inbook{csilethreads,
author = {Hewitt, Jim and Teplovs, Chris},
title = {An analysis of growth patterns in computer conferencing threads},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Computer Support for Collaborative Learning},
editor = {Hoadley, Chris and Roschelle, Jeremy},
publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
address = {Mahwah, NJ},
year = {1999},
keywords = { }}

@INPROCEEDINGS{cs0brandeis,
  AUTHOR =       "Tim Hickey",
  TITLE =        "Scheme-based Web Programming as a Basis for a CS0 Curriculum",
  BOOKTITLE =    "Proceedings of the ACM SIGCSE Conference",
  YEAR =         "2004",
  pages =        "Submitted"

}

@InCollection{alicecs1,
  author =   {Dann, Wanda and Dragon, T. and Cooper, Stephen, and Dietzler, K. and Ryan, K. and Pausch, Randy},
  title =    {Objects: Visualization of Behavior and State},
  booktitle =    {ITiCSE 2003: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education},
  pages =    {84-88},
  publisher = {ACM},
  year =     {2003},
  editor =   {Finkel, David},
  address =      {New York, NY},
  OPTnote =      {Alice-based CS1},
}
@Article{stable,
author = {Guzdial, Mark and Kehoe, Colleen},
title = {Apprenticeship-based learning environments: A principled approach to providing software-realized scaffolding through hypermedia},
journal = {Journal of Interactive Learning Research},
volume = {9},
number = {3/4},
pages = {289-336},
year = {1998},
keywords = { }}

@Book{classroomassessment,
author = {K. Patricia Cross and Thomas P. Angelo},
title = {Classroom Assessment Techniques: A Handbook for Faculty},
publisher = {NCRIPTAL},
address = {University of Michigan, Ann Arbor},
year = {1988},
keywords = { }}

@InProceedings{validation,
  AUTHOR =       "Cronbach, L.J.",
  EDITOR =       "R.L. Thorndike",
  BOOKTITLE =        "Educational Measurement (2nd Ed.)",
  TITLE =      "Test Validation",
  PUBLISHER =    "American Council on Education",
  YEAR =         "1971",
  ADDRESS =      "Washington, D.C.",
}


@InProceedings{assessincontext,
author = {Gardner, Howard},
title = {Assessment in context: An alternative to standardized testing},
booktitle = {Changing Assessments: Alternative Views of Aptitude, Achievement, and Instruction},
editor = {Gifford, Bernard R. and O'Connor, Mary Catherine},
publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
address = {Boston},
year = {1992},
keywords = { }}


@BOOK{costeffective,
  AUTHOR =       "Henry M. Levin and Patrick J. McEwan",
  TITLE =        "Cost Effective Analysis: Methods and Applications, Second Edition",
  PUBLISHER =    "Sage",
  YEAR =         "2001",
  address =      "Thousand Oaks, California",
}

@article{sigcse-editorial,
  author =   {Guzdial, Mark and Soloway, Elliot},
  title =    {Computer science is more important than calculus: The challenge of living up to our potential},
  journal =      {Inroads -- The SIGCSE Bulletin},
  year =     {2003},
  OPTkey =   {},
  volume =   {35},
  number =   {2},
  pages =    {5-8},
  month =    {June},
  OPTnote =      {},
  OPTannote =    {}
}


@InProceedings{augreality,
  author =   {MacInytre, Blair and Bolter, Jay David and Moreno, Emmanuel and Hannigan, Brendan},
  title =     {Augmented Reality as a New Media Experience},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey =   {},
  booktitle = {International Symposium on Augmented Reality},
  pages =    {197-206},
  year =     {2001},
  OPTeditor =    {},
  OPTvolume =    {},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  OPTseries =    {},
  OPTaddress =   {},
  OPTmonth =     {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote =      {},
  OPTannote =    {}
}

@Article{bandura,
  author =   {Bandura, A.},
  title =    {Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency},
  journal =      {American Psychologist},
  year =     {1982},
  key =      {},
  volume =   {37},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  pages =    {122-147},
  OPTmonth =     {},
  OPTnote =      {},
  OPTannote =    {}
}




@InCollection{covington,
  author =   {Covington, M.V. and Roberts, B.},
  title =    {Self-worth and college achievement: Motivational and personality correlates},
  booktitle =    {Student motivation, cognition, and learning: Essays in honor of Wilbert J. McKeachie},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey =   {},
  pages =    {157-187},
  publisher = {Erlbaum},
  year =     {1994},
  editor =   {Pintrich, P.R. and Brown, D.R. and Weinstein, C.E.},
  OPTvolume =    {},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  OPTseries =    {},
  OPTtype =      {},
  OPTchapter =   {},
  address =      {Hillsdale, NJ},
  OPTedition =   {},
  OPTmonth =     {},
  OPTnote =      {},
  OPTannote =    {}
}

@InCollection{eccles,
  author =   {Eccles, J.},
  title =    {Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors},
  booktitle =    {Achievement and achievement motives},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey =   {},
  pages =    {75-146},
  publisher = {Freeman},
  year =     {1983},
  editor =   {Spence, J.T.},
  OPTvolume =    {},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  OPTseries =    {},
  OPTtype =      {},
  OPTchapter =   {},
  address =      {San Francisco},
  OPTedition =   {},
  OPTmonth =     {},
  OPTnote =      {},
  OPTannote =    {}
}

@Article{seymour,
    author = {Seymour, Elaine},
    title = {Tracking the Processes of Change in US Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology},
    journal = {Science Education},
    volume = {86},
    number = {1},
    pages = {79-105},
    year = {2002},
    keywords = { }}

@book{astin,
   Author = {Astin, A.W. and Astin, H.S.},
   Title = {Undergraduate Science Education: The Impact of Different College Environments on the Educational Pipeline in the Sciences. Final Report},
   Publisher = {Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA},
   Address = {Los Angeles, CA},
   Year= {1992}}

@Book{schon,
author = {Schon, Donald A.},
title = {Educating the Reflective Practitioner},
publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
address = {San Francisco},
year = {1987},
keywords = { }}


@Book{kafai,
author = {Kafai, Yasmin},
title = {Minds in Play: Computer game design as a context for children's learning},
publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
address = {Hillsdale, NJ},
year = {1995},
keywords = { }}
@Article{hilton,
    author = {Hilton, Thomas L. and Lee, Valerie E.},
    title = {Student Interest and Persistence in Science: Changes in the Educational Pipeline in the Last Decade},
    journal = {The Journal of Higher Education},
    volume = {59},
    number = {5},
    pages = {510-526},
    year = {1988},
    keywords = { }}

@book{nsf-women,
   Author = {National Science Foundation},
   Title = {Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2000},
   Publisher = {National Science Foundation},
   Address = {Washington DC},
   Year= {2000}}

@book{nsf-indicators,
   Author = {National Science Foundation},
   Title = {Science and Engineering Indicators 2002},
   Publisher = {National Science Foundation},
   Address = {Washington DC},
   Year= {2002}}

@incollection{kay-foreword,
   author =    {Kay, Alan},
   title =     {Foreword: Software: Art, Engineering, Mathematics, or
Science?},
   booktitle = {Squeak: Object-Oriented Design with Multimedia Applications},
   editor =    {Guzdial, Mark},
   type =      {Foreword},
   publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
   pages =     {xi-xiii},
   year =      2000
}


@Inbook{lbdsw,
author = {Guzdial, Mark and Hmelo, Cindy and Hźbscher, Roland and Nagel, Kris and Newstetter, Wendy and Puntembakar, Sadhana and Shabo, Amnon and Turns, Jennifer and Kolodner, Janet L.},
title = {Integrating and Guiding Collaboration: Lessons learned in computer-supported collaboration learning research at Georgia Tech},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning'97},
editor = {Hall, R. and Miyake, N. and Enyedy, N.},
address = {Toronto, Ontario, CANADA},
pages = {91-100},
year = {1997},
keywords = { }}


@Book{cbr,
author = {Kolodner, Janet},
title = {Case Based Reasoning},
publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
address = {San Mateo, CA},
year = {1993},
keywords = { }}

@Article{krajcik,
author = {Krajcik, Joseph and Blumenfeld, Phyllis C. and Marx, Ronald W. and Bass, Kristin M. and Fredricks, Jennifer and Soloway, Elliot},
title = {Inquiry in project-based science classrooms: Initial attempts by middle school students},
journal = {Journal of the Learning Sciences},
volume = {7},
number = {3 and 4},
pages = {313-350},
year = {1998},
keywords = { }}

@InProceedings{djoseph2,
  author =   {Joseph, Diana and Edelson, Danny},
  title =    {Engineering motivation: Using research knowledge about motivation in the design of learning environments},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
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  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences},
  OPTpages =     {},
  year =     {2002},
  editor =   {Bell, P. and Stevens, R.},
  OPTvolume =    {},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  OPTseries =    {},
  OPTaddress =   {},
  OPTmonth =     {},
  organization = {International Society of the Learning Sciences},
  OPTpublisher = {},
  OPTnote =      {},
  OPTannote =    {}
}

@Article{mslq,
  author =   {Pintrich, P.R. and DeGroot, E.},
  title =    {Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance},
  journal =      {Journal of Educational Psychology},
  year =     {1990},
  OPTkey =   {},
  volume =   {82},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  pages =    {33-40},
  OPTmonth =     {},
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}

@Book{pintrich,
  author =       {Pintrich, Paul R. and Schunk, Dale H.},
  ALTeditor =    {},
  title =        {Motivation in Education:  Theory, Research, and Applications},
  publisher =    {Prentice-Hall},
  year =         {1996},
  OPTkey =       {},
  OPTvolume =    {},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  OPTseries =    {},
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}

@InProceedings{djoseph,
  author =   {Joseph, Diana},
  title =    {Bridging the gap between motivational research and progressive education: A framework for designing highly engaging learning environments},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey =   {},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference of the Learning Sciences 1996},
  pages =    {211-218},
  year =     {1996},
  OPTeditor =    {},
  OPTvolume =    {},
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  OPTseries =    {},
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  OPTmonth =     {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {Assocation for the Advancement of Computing in Education},
  OPTnote =      {},
  OPTannote =    {}
}
@Article{amy-cscw,
author = {Bruckman, Amy},
title = {Community support for constructionist learning},
journal = {Computer Supported Collaborative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing},
volume = {7},
pages = {47-86},
year = {1998},
keywords = { }}

@Book{donald,
author = {Donald, Janet},
title = {Improving the Environment for Learning: Academic Leaders Talk About What Works},
publisher = {Jossey-Bass},
address = {San Francisco},
year = {1997},
keywords = { }}
@Article{abet,
author = {ABET},
title = {Engineering Criteria 2000: Criteria for accrediting programs in Engineering in the United States},
journal = {ASEE Prism},
volume = {N March},
pages = {41-42},
year = {1996},
keywords = { }}

@InProceedings{pair-programming,
  author =   {Nagappan, Nachiappan and Williams, Laurie and Ferzil, Miriam and Wiebe, Eric and Yang, Kai and Miller, Carol and Balik, Suzanne},
  title =    {Improving the CS1 Experience with Pair Programming},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey =   {},
  booktitle = {Twenty-fourth SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education},
  pages =    {359--362},
  year =     {2003},
  editor =   {Joyce, Dan and Knox, Deborah},
  OPTvolume =    {},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  OPTseries =    {},
  address =      {New York, NY},
  OPTmonth =     {},
  OPTorganization = {},
  publisher = {ACM},
  OPTnote =      {},
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}

@Inbook{paris-motivation,
author = {Paris, Scott G. and Turner, J. C.},
title = {Situated motivation},
booktitle = {Student Motivation, Cognition, and Learning: Essays in Honor of Wilbert J. McKeachie},
editor = {Pintrich, Paul and Brown, D. and Weinstein, C.},
publisher = {Erlbaum},
address = {Hillsdale, NJ},
pages = {213-237},
year = {1994},
keywords = { }}

@InProceedings{mediacomp,
  author =   {Mark Guzdial},
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  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE) 2003 Conference},
  pages =    {In-Press},
  year =     {2003},
  OPTeditor =    {},
  OPTvolume =    {},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  OPTseries =    {},
  address =      {New York},
  OPTmonth =     {},
  organization = {ACM},
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}

@InProceedings{code-warriors,
  author =   {Thomas, L. and Ratcliffe, M. and Robertson, A.},
  title =    {Code warriors and code-a-phobes: A study in attitude and pair programming},
  OPTcrossref =  {},
  OPTkey =   {},
  booktitle = {Twenty-fourth SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education},
  pages =    {363--367},
  year =     {2003},
  editor =   {Joyce, Dan and Knox, Deborah},
  OPTvolume =    {},
  OPTnumber =    {},
  OPTseries =    {},
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}

@Article{williams-phd,
author = {Wiliams, Laurie and Kessler, R. R.},
title = {Experimenting with industry's 'pair-programming' model in the computer science classroom},
journal = {Journal on Software Engineering Education},
volume = {December},
year = {2000},
keywords = { }}

@Inbook{williams2,
author = {Williams, Laurie A. and Kessler, R. R.},
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pages = {59-65},
year = {2000},
keywords = { }}

@Article{roschelle,
author = {Roschelle, Jeremy},
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year = {1992},
keywords = { }}

@Inbook{jeong,
author = {Jeong, Heisawn and Chi, Michelene T.H.},
title = {Construction of shared knowledge during collaborative learning},
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address = {Toronto, Ontario, Canada},
pages = {124-128},
year = {1997},
keywords = { }}

@Article{hoadley-linn,
author = {Hoadley, Chris and Linn, Marcia},
title = {Teaching science through online, peer discussions: SpeakEasy in the Knowledge Integration Environment},
journal = {International Journal of Science Education},
volume = {22},
number = {8},
pages = {839-857},
year = {2000},
keywords = { }}


@Inbook{miyake,
author = {Miyake, Naomi and Masukawa, Hiroyuki},
title = {Relation-making to sense-making: Supporting college students' constructive understanding with an enriched collaborative note-sharing system.},
booktitle = {Fourth International Conference of the Learning Sciences},
editor = {Fishman, Barry and O'Connor-Divelbiss, S.},
publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
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pages = {41-47},
year = {2000},
keywords = { }}


@Article{higher-agency,
author = {Scardamalia, Marlene and Bereiter, Carl},
title = {Higher levels of agency for children in knowledge building: A challenge for the design of new knowledge media},
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number = {1},
pages = {37-68},
year = {1991},
keywords = { }}

@Inbook{csile-world3,
author = {Scardamalia, Marlene and Bereiter, Carl and Lamon, Mary},
title = {The CSILE Project: Trying to bring the classroom into World 3},
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pages = {201-228},
year = {1994},
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@Article{brown-design,
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pages = {141-178},
year = {1992},
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@Inbook{reciprocal,
author = {Brown, Ann L. and Palincsar, Annemarie S.},
title = {Guided, cooperative learning and individual knowledge acquisition},
booktitle = {Knowing, Learning, and Instruction: Essays in Honor of Robert Glaser},
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@Article{cohen,
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year = {1994},
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@Article{augustine,
author = {Augustine, Norman and Vest, Charles M.},
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@techreport{retention-sigcse,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark",
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   Month="April 23",
   Year=2002}

  @article{stable,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Kehoe, Colleen",
   Title="Apprenticeship-based learning environments: A principled approach to providing software-realized scaffolding through hypermedia",
   Journal="Journal of Interactive Learning Research",
   Volume=9,
   Number="3/4",
   Pages="289-336",
   Year=1998}

@book{noeljython,
Author="Pedroni, Samuele and Rappin, Noel",
Title="Jython Essentials",
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Year=2002
}


@Book{lpp,
author = {Lave, Jean and Wenger, Etienne},
title = {Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation},
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address = {Cambridge, UK},
year = {1991},
keywords = { }}

@Inbook{vygotsky,
author = {Bruner, Jerome},
title = {Vygotsky: A historical and conceptual perspective},
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@article{ircfrancais,
Author="Hudson, James M. and Bruckman, Amy",
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@article{lcd,
   Author="Soloway, Elliot and Guzdial, Mark and Hay, Kenneth E.",
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   Year=1994}

@techReport{papert-memo,
   Author="Papert, Seymour",
   Title="Teaching children to be mathematicians versus teaching about mathematics",
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   Type="AI Memo No. 249 and Logo Memo No. 4",
   Year=1971}

@book{mindstorms,
   Author="Papert, Seymour",
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@book{changingminds,
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@incollection{Ingalls97,
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@article{emile,
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@incollection{highfreq,
   Author="Spohrer, James G. and Soloway, Elliot",
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@article{conditionals,
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@article{novicesets,
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@article{noiterate,
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@article{pane01,
   Author="Pane, John F. and Ratanamahatana, Chotirat and Myers, Brad",
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@article{gnome,
   Author="Miller, Philip and Pane, John and Meter, Glenn and Vorthmann, Scott",
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@book{dodge-jerse,
   Author="Dodge, Charles and Jerse, Thomas A.",
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@book{roads,
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@article{its,
   Author="Anderson, John R. and Corbett, Albert T. and Koedinger, Kenneth R. and Pelletier, Ray",
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@Book{cuban,
author = {Cuban, Larry},
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@book{csoundbook,
   Editor="Boulanger, Richard",
   Title="The CSound Book: Perspectives in Synthesis, Sound Design, Signal Processing, and Programming",
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@phdThesis{colleen,
   Author="Kehoe, Colleen M.",
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@incollection{icls-2cool,
Author="Craig, David and ul-Haq, Saif and Khan, Sabir and Zimring, Craig and Kehoe, Colleen and Rick, Jochen and Guzdial, Mark",
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@incollection{coolstudio,
Author="Zimring, Craig and Khan, Sabir and Craig, David and Haq, Saif-ul- and Guzdial, Mark",
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@book{tech-savvy,
   Author="AAUW",
   Title="Tech-Savvy: Educating Girls in the New Computer Age",
   Publisher="American Association of University Women Education Foundation",
   Address="New York",
   Year=2000}

@book{whitebook,
      Author="Guzdial, Mark",
   Title="Squeak: Object-oriented design with Multimedia Applications",
   Publisher="Prentice-Hall",
   Address="Englewood, NJ",
   Year=2001}

@incollection{guzdialsigcse2001,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark",
   Title="Using Squeak for Teaching User Interface Software",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-second SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education",
   Publisher="ACM Press",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="219-223",
   Year=2001}

@incollection{compmusic,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Greenlee, Jim",
   Title="A Computer Music Implementation Course Using Active Essays",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-third SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education",
   Publisher="ACM Press",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="Submitted",
   Year=2002}

@book{htdp,
   Author="Felleisen, Matthias and Findler, Robert Bruce and Flatt, Matthew and Krishnamurthi, Shriram",
   Title="How to Design Programs: An Introduction to Programming and Computing",
   Publisher="MIT Press",
   Address="Cambridge, MA",
   Year=2001}


@book{nubluebook,
   Editor="Guzdial, Mark and Rose, Kim",
   Title="Squeak, Open Personal Computing for Multimedia",
   Publisher="Prentice-Hall",
   Address="Englewood, NJ",
   Year=2001}

@book{freeman,
      Author="Freeman, Peter and Aspray, William",
   Title="The Supply of Information Technology Workers in the United States",
   Publisher="Computing Research Association",
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   Year=1999}

@incollection{womensigcse2001,
   Author="Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence and Teller, Pat and Castaneda, Sheila E. and Wilson, Manda and Lindley, Rowan",
   Title="Increasing the enrollment of women in computer science",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-second SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education",
   Editor="McCauley, RenŽe and Gersting, Judith",
   Publisher="ACM Press",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="386-387",
   Year=2001}

@article{ACMIT,
   author =  {ACM Techlinks},
   title =   {Reports of IT Worker Shortages Continue},
   journal = {ACM Technlinks for Week of October 14},
   year =    2001,
}

@article{cc2001,
   author =  {ACM/IEEE},
   title =   {Computing Curriculum 2001},
   journal = {\url{http://www.acm.org/sigcse/cc2001}},
   year =    2001,
}

@book{greatideas,
   Author="Biermann, Alan W.",
   Title="Great Ideas in Computer Science: A Gentle Introduction",
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   Year=1998}

@book{simplyscheme,
   Author="Harvey, Brian and Wright, Matthew",
   Title="Simply Scheme, Second Edition",
   Publisher="MIT Press",
   Address="Cambridge, MA",
   Year=2001}

@book{digitaldomain,
   Author="Abernethy, Ken and Allen, Tom",
   Title="Exploring the Digital Domain: An Introduction to Computing with Multimedia and Networking",
   Publisher="PWS Publishing",
   Address="Boston",
   Year=1998}

@article{iticse2001,
   Author="McCracken, Michael and Almstrum, Vicki and Diaz, Danny and Guzdial, Mark and Hagan, Dianne and Kolikant, Yifat Ben-David and Laxer, Cary and Thomas, Lynda and Utting, Ian and Wilusz, Tadeusz",
   Title="A multi-national, multi-institutional study of assessment of programming skills of first-year CS students",
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   Number=4,
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   Year=2001}

@techReport{perkins,
   Author="Perkins, David N. and Martin, Fay and Farady, Michael",
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@incollection{putalltogether,
   Author="Spohrer, James C. and Soloway, Elliot",
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@phdThesis{marcel,
   Author="Spohrer, James Clinton",
   Title="MARCEL: A Generate-Test-and-Debug (GTD) Impasse/Repair Model of Student Programmers",
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   Note="YALEU/CSD/RR 687",
   Type="Ph.D.",
   Year=1989}

@incollection{pair-retention,
   Author="McDowell, Charlie and Bullock, Heather and Fernald, Julian and Werner, Linda",
   Title="The effects of pair-programming on performance in an introductory programming course",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-third SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2002",
   Editor="Knox, Deborah",
   Publisher="ACM",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="38-42",
   Note="Pair-programming (social) reduces attrition rates",
   Year=2002}

@incollection{pair-performance,
   Author="Williams, Laurie A. and Kessler, R. R.",
   Title="The effects of 'pair-pressure' and 'pair-learning' on software engineering education",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training",
   Pages="59-65",
   Year=2000}

@book{margolis,
   Author="Margolis, Jane and Fisher, Allan",
   Title="Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing",
   Publisher="MIT Press",
   Address="Cambridge, MA",
   Year=2002}

@article{medialiteracy,
   Author="Soloway, Elliot and Guzdial, Mark and Hay, Ken E.",
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   Year=1993}

@incollection{defensive-cs1,
   Author="Barker, Lecia Jane and Garvin-Doxas, Kathy and Jackson, Michele",
   Title="Defensive climate in the computer science education",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-third SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2002",
   Editor="Knox, Deborah",
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   Pages="43-47",
   Year=2002}

@book{deitel,
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@article{pbl,
   Author="Blumenfeld, Phyllis C. and Soloway, Elliot and Marx, Ronald W. and Krajcik, Joseph S. and Guzdial, Mark and Palincsar, Annemari",
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   Year=1991}

@article{personaldynamicmedia,
   Author="Kay, Alan and Goldberg, Adele",
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@article{kozmamultimedia,
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@incollection{papertconstructionism,
      Author="Papert, Seymour",
   Title="Situating constructionism",
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   Year=1991}

@article{pianosnotstereos,
   Author="Resnick, Mitchel and Bruckman, Amy and Martin, Fred",
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   Year=1996}

@incollection{intrinsic,
   Author="Malone, T.W. and Lepper, M.R.",
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   Year=1987}

@incollection{pairs02,
   Author="McDowell, Charlie and Bullock, Heather and Fernald, Julian and Werner, Linda",
   Title="The effects of pair-programming on performance in an introductory programming course",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-third SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2002",
   Editor="Knox, Deborah",
   Publisher="ACM",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="38-42",
   Year=2002}

@incollection{pairs-laurie,
   Author="Williams, Laurie A. and Kessler, R. R.",
   Title="The effects of 'pair-pressure' and 'pair-learning' on software engineering education",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training",
   Pages="59-65",
   Year=2000}

@incollection{paris94,
   Author="Paris, Scott G. and Turner, J. C.",
   Title="Situated motivation",
   BookTitle="Student Motivation, Cognition, and Learning: Essays in Honor of Wilbert J. McKeachie",
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   Year=1994}

@book{schoolsforthought,
   Author="Bruer, John T.",
   Title="Schools for Thought: A Science of Learning in the Classroom",
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   Year=1993}

@incollection{cogapp,
      Author="Collins, Allan and Brown, John Seely and Newman, Susan E.",
   Title="Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the craft of reading, writing, and mathematics",
   BookTitle="Knowing, Learning, and Instruction: Essays in Honor of Robert Glaser",
   Editor="Resnick, Lauren B.",
   Publisher="Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates",
   Address="Hillsdale, NJ",
   Pages="453-494",
   Year=1989}

@book{clubhouse,
   Author="Margolis, Jane and Fisher, Allan",
   Title="Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing",
   Publisher="MIT Press",
   Address="Cambridge, MA",
   Year=2002}

@incollection{comfort-cs1,
   Author="Wilson, Brenda Cantwell and Shrock, Sharon",
   Title="Contributing to success in an introductory computer science course: A study of twelve factors",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-second SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education",
   Editor="McCauley, RenŽe and Gersting, Judith",
   Publisher="ACM",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="184-188",
   Year=2001}

@article{gpceditor,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Konneman, Michael and Walton, Christopher and Hohmann, Luke and Soloway, Elliot",
   Title="Layering scaffolding and CAD on an integrated workbench: An effective design approach for project-based learning support",
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   Volume=6,
   Number="1/2",
   Pages="143-179",
   Year=1998}

 @article{nintendo,
   Author="Soloway, Elliot",
   Title="How the Nintendo generation learns",
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   Volume=34,
   Number=9,
   Pages="23-28",
   Note="use of multimedia technology in education, mediatext",
   Year=1991}

@article{nintendo-programming,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Soloway, Elliot",
   Title="Teaching the Nintendo Generation to Program",
   Journal="Communications of the ACM",
   Volume=45,
   Number=4,
   Pages="17-21",
   Year=2002}

@incollection{graphicscs1,
   Author="Marks, Joe and Freeman, William and Leitner, Henry",
   Title="Teaching applied computing without programming: A case-based introductory course for general education",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-second SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education",
   Editor="McCauley, RenŽe and Gersting, Judith",
   Publisher="ACM Press",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="80-84",
   Year=2001}

@incollection{vrcs1,
   Author="Zimmerman, Guy W. and Eber, Dena E.",
   Title="When Worlds Collide! An interdisciplinary course in virtual-reality art",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-second SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education",
   Editor="McCauley, RenŽe and Gersting, Judith",
   Publisher="ACM Press",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="75-79",
   Year=2001}

@incollection{gendercscl02,
      Author="Bruckman, Amy and Jensen, Carlos and DeBonte, Austina",
   Title="Gender and programming achievement in a CSCL environment",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of the 2002 Computer Supported Collaborative Learning conference",
   Editor="Stahl, Gerry",
   Publisher="University of Colorado at Boulder",
   Address="Boulder, CO",
   Pages="In-Press",
   Year=2001}

@article{cowebjls,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Rick, Jochen and Kehoe, Colleen",
   Title="Beyond adoption to invention: Teacher-created collaborative activities in higher education",
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   Number=3,
   Pages="265-279",
   Year=2001}

@incollection{cowebfie,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Ludovice, Pete and Realff, Matthew and Morley, Tom and Carroll, Karen and Ladak, Akbar",
   Title="The challenge of collaborative learning in engineering and math",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of IEEE/ASEE Frontiers in Education (FIE) 2001 Conference",
   Publisher="IEEE",
   Address="Reno, NV",
   Year=2001}

@incollection{cowebiticse,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark",
   Title="Use of collaborative multimedia in computer science classes",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of the 2001 Integrating Technology into Computer Science Education Conference",
   Publisher="ACM",
   Address="Canterbury, UK",
   Year=2001}

@incollection{cowebcscw,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Rick, Jochen and Kerimbaev, Bolot",
   Title="Recognizing and Supporting Roles in CSCW",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of CSCW'2000",
   Publisher="ACM Press",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="261-268",
   Year=2000}

@incollection{coweb-dialogue,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Carroll, Karen",
   Title="Exploring the lack of dialogue in computer-supported collaborative learning",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of the 2002 Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Conference",
   Editor="Stahl, Gerry",
   Publisher="University of Colorado at Boulder",
   Address="Boulder, CO",
   Pages="418-424",
   Year=2002}

@incollection{coweb-english,
   Author="Rick, Jochen and Guzdial, Mark and Carroll, Karen and Holloway-Attaway, Lissa and Walker, Brandy",
   Title="Collaborative learning at low cost: CoWeb use in English Composition",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of the Computer Supported Collaborative Learning 2002",
   Publisher="Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
   Address="Mahwah, NJ",
   Pages="435-442",
   Year=2002}

@article{guzdialturns,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Turns, Jennifer",
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   Pages="437-470",
   Year=2000}

@incollection{soloway-yale-studies,
   Author="Soloway, Elliot and Ehrlich, Kate and Bonar, Jeffrey and Greenspan, J.",
   Title="What do novices know about programming?",
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   Editor="Badre, Andre and Schneiderman, Ben",
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   Address="Norwood, NJ",
   Pages="87-122",
   Year=1982}

@article{looping,
   Author="Soloway, Elliot and Bonar, Jeffrey and Ehrlich, Kate",
   Title="Cognitive strategies and looping constructs: An empirical study",
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   Year=1983}

@incollection{failurerates,
   Author="Roumani, Hamzeh",
   Title="Design guidelines for the lab component of objects-first CS1",
   BookTitle="The Proceedings of the Thirty-third SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2002",
   Editor="Knox, Deborah",
   Publisher="ACM",
   Address="New York",
   Pages="222-226",
   Note="WFD (Withdrawl-Failure-D) rates in CS1 in excess of 30%",
   Year=2002}

@incollection{infoecol,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark",
   Title="Information ecology of collaborations in educational settings: Influence of tool",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning'97",
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   Publisher="LEA",
   Address="Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
   Pages="83-90",
   Year=1997}

@incollection{dialoglearn,
   Author="Guzdial, Mark and Carroll, Karen",
   Title="Exploring the lack of dialogue in computer-supported collaborative learning",
   BookTitle="Proceedings of the 2002 Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Conference",
   Editor="Stahl, Gerry",
   Publisher="University of Colorado at Boulder",
   Address="Boulder, CO",
   Pages="In-press",
   Year=2002}

@book{psp,
Author="Humphrey, Watts S.",
Title="Introduction to the Personal Software Process (sm)",
Publisher="Addison-Wesley",
Address="Reading, MA",
Year=1995}

@book{greenberger,
   Author="Greenberger, Martin",
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   Series="Transcribed recordings of lectures held at the Sloan School of Business Administration, April, 1961",
   Year=1962}

@article{mediatext,
   Author="Hay, Ken E. and Guzdial, Mark and Jackson, Shari and Boyle, Robert A. and Soloway, Elliot",
   Title="Students as multimedia composers",
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   Year=1994}

@article{formative-superbook,
   Author="Egan, Dennis and Remde, J.R. and Gomez, Louis and Landauer, Tom and Eberhardt, J. and Lochbaum, C.",
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   Pages="30-57",
   Note="Uses critical incident analysis, log file analysis",
   Year=1990}

@book{formative,
   Author="Flagg, Barbara N.",
   Title="Formative Evaluation for Educational Technologies",
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